cooling tower water consumption calculation

A negative value suggests the water is scale-dissolving or corrosive. Drift loss = 0.02%. â Nominal Tons is heat rejection based on 35% EG cooling fluid at Nominal Unit Flow Rate entering the unit at 95°F and leaving at 85°F with 95°F DB/77°F WB ambient design. A cooling tower ton is defined as: 1 cooling tower ton = 1 TONS evap = 1 TONS cond x 1.25 = 15000 Btu/h = 3782 k Calories/h = 15826 kJ/h = 4.396 kW. Upon measuring water use in EPA laboratories, it was discovered that on average 68 percent of water is consumed by mechanical systems such as cooling towers, reverse osmosis units, and single pass cooling of equipment. Cooling Tower Make-up Water Flow Calculation. The procedure will then be employed to calculate the performace of a certain popular model of cooling tower for illustration. This difference can be used to calculate the approximate amount of evaporation that has occurred in the cooling tower: âT = TR â TS Recirculation Rate. Evaporation. Cooling towers dissipate heat from recirculating water used to cool chillers, air conditioners, or other process equipment to the ambient air. Enter the load as a decimal. Tons = â¦ total water consumption of the cooling tower. 1. Applying mass and energy balance calculations yields critical operating insight. to the cooling tower, where the heat of the water transfers to the ambient air primarily by evaporation. They reject process heat from the cooling water to atmosphere and keep the water cool. Full load water use (27,400 gallons) x (0.50 full load) x (18 hours 24 hours) = 10,275 gallons per day Consider performing these calculations for each month of the year separately, since the load on the cooling tower will likely vary depending on weather. intensity (water use per square foot of building space) for agency potable water consumption as well as a two percent reduction of water use for industrial, landscaping, and agricultural applica-tions. actual tower, this is an ongoing The following equation can be used for this calculation: Chlorides in tower water / Chlorides in make up water = Cycles of concentration ... Read More. Evaporation Rate (GPM) = Water Flow Rate (GPM) x Range (°F) x 0.001. Cooling towers can be a significant source of water use for both of these cat-egories of water use â¦ We hope this video will help you. Drift loss = 0.02% x 10 000 = 2 gpm. The cooling effect occurs because some of the water evaporates into a stream of air in contact with the water within the cooling tower. The above information on water conservation was obtained from the Environmental Protection Agencyâs website. Windage or Drift Loss: It is very difficult to ignore the drift problem in a cooling tower. Cooling Tower Types Cooling towers fall into two main categories: Natural draft and Mechanical draft. Therefore, the maximum normal water makeup for a cooling tower system is .06 gpm / ton, or about 2% of the nominal tower flow rate. Cycles of concentration = 5. If the increase in circulating water temperature causes temporary interruption of the operation of the individual units, the consumption category is called water consumption. The head loss for 24 inch pipe per 100 feet for 14,000 GPMof water flow rate is 1.30 ftfrom the friction table of steel pipe. Hot Water Temperature. Cooling Tower Efficiency Calculations Cooling Tower Efficiency Calculation is described in this article. In this case, the range is 15°F and the approach is 5°F. Calculation of the cooling towers is also carried out with 0.95 climate parameters. Below is an example of a cooling tower operating at three cycles of concentration rejecting heat from a 400-ton chiller that operates typically six hours per day. = 153.00 + 36.00 + 51.00 US gpm. The choice of safety index depends on the operation of the cooling tower. The specific cooling towers that are impacted by the WCM and monitored for water savings. Cooling tower efficiency is limited by the ambient wet bulb temperature. It is important to note that drift eliminators are an integral part of the cooling tower design. 2. Proper treatment of the water that circulates through the tower is a key element relative to the thermal efficiencyâ¦ m 3 /h. The volume of water saved by increasing the cycles of concentration in a system can be estimated by the equation; V = M x ((C2 â C1) / (C1 x (C2 â 1)) Where V = Volume of water saved M = Initial make-up water volume C1 = Initial Cycles of concentration number C2 = Final cycles of concentration number. These three waters determine the cycles of concentration that can be reached in the cooling tower. = 240.00 US gpm. The calculation of cooling tower efficiency involves the Range and approach of the cooling Tower. If, for example, the velocity of the discharge air exceeds the breakthrough velocity of the water, cooling towers loose significant inventory through evaporation and blowdown. Water Usage Calculator. Range ÎT = 10.00. Best Management Practice #10: Cooling Tower Management. 3. Cooling tower cycles of concentration 3. The performance of the cooling tower depends on various parameters like Range & Approach. SPX Cooling Technologies, Inc. is a leading global manufacturer of cooling towers, evaporative fluid coolers, evaporative condensers and air cooled heat exchangers. Tower Water Flow gpm m 3 /h ... ©2003-2021 Cooling Tower Depot, Inc. Use this handy calculator to approximate cooling tower water use and cycles of concendtration. In general, 0.1% of the recirculating water is evaporated for every 1 degree of temperature drop across the tower. Operating Conditions. of cooling tower water consumption . It takes approximately 1000 Btuâs to evaporate 1 pound of water. In this paper, a simplified procedure for calculating cooling tower performance is presented. Helooo friends in this video we explain how to calculate cooling tower specific water consumption. Cooling towers cool water by evaporating a small percentage of the recirculating water flow. High cooling tower water temperature range - is a range of more than 12C in the cooling tower system. Cooling towers normally handle a range of up to 12C, which poses a challenge for applications where a wider cooling tower water temperature range is required. (B) A retail customer of the Water Utility who takes water from the Cityâs public water system for operation of one or more evaporative cooling towers may receive an adjustment in the calculation of â¦ Section 3: Cooling Tower Water Management Plan (CTWMP): Provides â¦ Rate of evaporation is approximately 1% of the circulation flow for each 10 °F (5.56 °C) of rise between the outlet and inlet across the tower. Blowdown = [127.5 â (5-1) x 2]/ (5-1) = 29.87 gpm. conditions. Please update the following information as it applies to your tower needs: Estimated amount of water provided by the softener system between regenerations 2. The water consumption rate of a cooling tower system is only about 5% of that of a once-through system, making it the least expensive system to operate with purchased water supplies. Adding another 10-20% for water in the system, the estimated system volume is about 3800 gallons. 3. The recirculation rate will automatically fill in. Chiller tonnage (nameplate) 2. A _ = A _ = Cooling Tower plays a major role in Chemical Process Industry. The following is a simple formula for calculating the evaporation in a cooling tower. Take the number of gallons of circulating water per minute and multiply that by the difference between the temperature of the water in the top of the tower versus that bottom of the tower. The degrees should be in Fahrenheit. The temperature difference between inlet and outlet water (ti - to) is normally in the range 10 - 15 oF. For example, a designed tower may be guaranteed to cool 10,000 gpm of water from 95°F to 80°F at 75°F wet bulb temperature. Evaporation loss = 0.00085 x 10 000 x (100-85) = 127.5 gpm. The water consumption - or the amount of make up water - of a cooling tower is about 0.2-0.3 liter per minute and ton of refrigeration. The water exits the cooling tower and is sent back to the exchangers or to other units for further cooling. Figure 1 - scheme of open circuit cooling tower The water consumption consists on the control of the make-up water, the blowdown water and the evaporated water quantities. The following chart specifies the Maximun Water Make Up requirement per model. The number of measurements that will be collected over the measurement period to determine water-use savings. Then, the friction loss in the feet could be obtained from below; Friction Loss = Head Loss per 100 ft x Equivalent Pipe Length = 1.30 / 100 x 72.7 = 0.95 ft. Letâs suppose we have a system where the tower that is 24 ft long, 12 ft wide, and has 18 inches water in the sump. Typically, cooling towers are designed to cool a specified maximum flowrate of water from one temperature to another at an exact wet bulb temperature. Enter the Average Load on the tower over the days in which it is in operation. gpm. For nearly a century, we have provided exceptional quality equipment and service to the HVAC, process cooling, industrial, and â¦ = 3240 gallons water in the sump. Range = Hot Water Temperature â Cold Water Temperature Cooling Tower efficiency calculation Heat is rejected to the environment from cooling towers through the process of evaporation. Please consult the factory if you need more detailed information. Evaporative cooling system water use, you need to know: 1. °F. Approximately 500 gpm, and discharging to a lake at 80°F. Obviously, therefore, manipulation of one, or both, of these power consuming aspects The total evaporated water (i.e. NOAA The calculator is based on 50% relative humidity (for ambient conditions.) Cooling Tower Energy Defined. Makeup Water. For example 50% = 0.5; Enter the current Delta T across Tower; Enter the current Cycles of Concentration; Enter the Days of Operation per Year Letâs calculate each component. Recall again, cooling tower makeup water = evaporation loss + drift loss + blowdown. Result. = Evaporation Loss + Drift Loss + Blowdown. The time frame water use is monitored, defined by the cooling season. Schematic diagram of a cooling water system CALCULATION APPROACH = Cold water temperature â wet bulb temperature = 35oC -25oC =10oC RANGE= Hot water temperature- cold water temperature =42oC-35oC =7oC COOLING TOWER EFFICIENCY= Range/ (range+ approach)*100 =7oC/ (7oC+10oC)*100 =41.17% TABLE 2 Key Technical Specifications cooling water; that water picks up heat by passing through the process heat exchangers (Figure E.l). In fact, for the calculation of annual usage, drift losses can be neglected. Typical closed loop cooling tower system is shown in Figure 7.1. Drift or windage loss of cooling tower is normally provided by its manufacturer based on cooling tower â¦ Enter Tons of Cooling in the Current Program box. Cooling towers are an important unit operation in chemical process industries (CPI) operations. A cooling tower is required for heat exchanger process cooling, which is now being cooled using 55°F well water at a flow rate of (1 Million gallons/day - 300,000 sanitary = 700,000 gal per day). 12â x 24â x 1.5â x 7.5 gal/cu.ft. In the ideal case, the cold water temperature will be equal to the wet-bulb temperature. Water is evaporated all of the solids are left behind so they concentrate in the cooling tower water. The temperature drop ( âT ) for a cooling tower can be measured by taking the temperature of the tower return water (TR) and subtracting the temperature of the basin supply water (TS). Heat is removed by the tower primarily as the result of evaporation. SAMPLE CALCULATION. A positive value indicates the water is scale-forming. The amount of water that is bled off by the water treatment system is usually less than or equal to the amount of water that evaporates. Therefore, the maximum normal water makeup for a cooling tower system is .06 gpm / ton, or about 2% of the nominal tower flow rate. The calculator is based on 50% relative humidity (for ambient conditions.) Cooling tower range can be defined as the difference between the Hot Water Temperature (Cooling Tower Inlet) Temperature and Cold water (Cooling Tower Outlet) temperature. Please consult the factory if you need more detailed information. English Metric. This is practically not possible to achieve. Water Usage Calculator. Evaporation Loss (m3/hr) = 0.00153 * Recirculation Rate (m3/hr) * Delta T. #9. Figure 1. The mass balance of a cooling tower system can be written as the following: Evaporation Loss Calculation. Lastly, cooling towers can cool water to Measurement period . 2. The evaporation can by estimated from a heat balance around the cooling tower E = 0.001 (CR)(AT) (E.l) The pump-head of a cooling tower also contributes to the energy expended in the operation of the condenser water pump. Frequency of softener regeneration Or: 1. consumed) depends on the . Cooling Tower Tons. achieve proper air movement through a cooling tower. Tower Water Flow. 1. The full load daily water use from the table is 21,920 gallons per day. * Nominal flow rate of 35% Ethylene Glycol (35% EG) fluid mixture by weight. The water consumption - or the amount of make up water - of a cooling tower is about 0.2-0.3 liter per minute and ton of refrigeration. Compared with the use and waste of city water the water consumption can be reduced with about 90 - 95%. There are two main types of cooling towers. Cooling Towers dissipate heat from recirculating water that is run through cool chillers, air-conditioning equipment, or other process equipment. Section 2: Water Balance: Provides an overview of the technical concepts encompassing a cooling tower water balance and a brief summary of relevant calculations. Annual days or hours of operation Steam heating system water use, you need to know either: 1. Operating Conditions. This paper discusses the performance of cooling towers in different climatic zone of â¦ The equivalent ton on the cooling tower side actually rejects about 15000 Btu/h due to the heat-equivalent of the energy needed to drive the chiller's compressor. The resulting lower temperature cooling water is returned to the condenser, and the amount of water that evaporates in the cooling tower is replenished. The local climate strongly affects the efficiency of a cooling tower and its water consumption. Remember, TRS can help with water saving designs and treatment systems. The amount of water that is bled off by the water treatment system is usually less than or equal to the amount of water that evaporates. The evaporation rate is approximately 3 GPM per 100 tons of refrigeration. Index.about.com. Additionally, the amount of heated water discharged (blowdown) is very small, so the ecologi- cal effect is greatly reduced. (A) In this section, âdirectorâ means the director of the Water Utility. Applying mass and energy balance calculations enables process engineers to evaluate evaporation loss, blowdown and makeup-water requirements, and to evaluate the performance of the cooling tower. Cooling tower concentration ratios are set to maintain the LSI of the recirculated cooling water in the +2.0 to +2.5 range. Energy is consumed in driving the fan, or fans, necessary to . The evaporation rate is approximately 2 GPM per 1 million BTU/Hr of heat rejection. Daily Use (gal/day) = Full Load Water Use 21,920 (gal/day) × 6 hours / 24 hours. Specification Notes. Measurement frequency . Cooling Tower Calculator. Compared with the use and waste of city water the water consumption can be reduced with about 90 - 95%.

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